This shows a possible scenario for a future renewable, hydrogen, fuel cell power system for a remote village. The system is autonomous, however the fossil fuel supply is used to reduce the system costs while the storage components still exhibit high costs. It is intended to mitigate risk from statistically low, long wind doldrum periods, or failures of hydrogen production that could deplete the hydrogen supply. The water condensation and recycling is only needed where local water is difficult or costly to supply. The economics for this currently favor small, high value, remote locations. The costs can compete with battery storage if the longest credible period of wind doldrum exceeds a few days. The economics also depends on:
  • Wind capacity factor
  • Peak load
  • Phase match between the wind source and the load

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  • Drawing of the basic PEM fuel cell operation
  • Drawing showing how a stack of PEM cells work
  • Drawing of the basic solid oxide fuel (SOFC) cell operation
  • Figure showing configuration options for fuel cell utility systems
  • Figure showing source, process, storage and load options for remote renewable utility systems
  • Comparison of civilization's development in food and energy
  • Future driver of fuel cell powered cars