The three layers of cathode, electrolyte and anode make up the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The electrolyte is a thin film, usually a sulfonated, perfluorinated polymer. The catalysed electrodes are porous carbon. The operating temperature is less than 100C.
Excellent animation video of PEM fuel cell operation!!
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Drawing showing how a stack of PEM cells work
Drawing of the basic solid oxide fuel (SOFC) cell operation
Figure showing configuration options for fuel cell utility systems
Figure showing source, process, storage and load options for remote renewable utility systems
Remote renewable hydrogen village using a fuel cell
Comparison of civilization's development in food and energy
Future driver of fuel cell powered cars
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